Types of neurodivergence: a quick explanation

Since the term,neurodiversity, was first coined in the 90s more and more neurological make-ups have found a space under its umbrella. The two big hitters, of course, are Autism and ADHD. Learning difficulties such as Dyslexia, Dyscalculia, and Dyspraxia are also in the mix. You will also find people describing Tourette’s and OCD as neurodivergent. Some people argue that what have long been considered mental illnesses such as Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia should have a place under there too. Being a HSP (highly sensitive person) is also considered neurodivergent as is ‘Giftedness’. There is also the idea of acquired neurodiversity – when brain processes change because of an injury, disease, or trauma.

Sensitivity

Sensitivity seems to be a common factor in a lot of these make-ups. If you feel your nervous system is a bit like a sponge soaking in the world it can be hard to squeeze out the uncomfortable feelings. On the other hand, you might be able to soak in the good stuff more, too, and enjoy bathing in special moments.

Autism and ADHD

For now, we’ll just have a quick look at the main characteristics of the two big hitters, Autism and ADHD.

Main characteristics of Autism:

• Difficulties with social communication and interaction and finding it hard to understand what others are thinking and feeling.

• A preference for routine and repetitive behaviour – might engage in ‘stimming’ to self-sooth.

• Being over or under sensitive to sound, light, touch, or tastes.Highly anxious and easily overwhelmed.

• Being highly focused on ‘special interests’.

Main characteristics of ADHD:

• Difficulties with planning and staying organised.

• Having an interest based nervous system making if hard to focus on things that do not interest you.

• Sleep problems

• Problems regulating emotions such as being very sensitive to criticism

• Regularly forgetting or misplacing things.

• Hyperactivity/restlessness.

That’s a super quick first look and explanation of some types of neurodivergence. More to come…